Phrases Click on the musical examples for playback I. Conventional phrase: four measures long, terminated by a cadence, usually authentic or half. The idea of the conventional 4-bar phrase is a convenient starting point for study, and is not to be taken …

Inherently Irregular Phrases Irregularity in phrases results either from reaching the cadence a bit too soon, or by an unequal association of melodic members (i.e., 2-measure group plus 3-measure group resulting in a 5-measure phrase.) Click here for …

Irregular Phrases: Extensions at the Beginning A.    Extensions at the beginning of the phrase: an extension which occurs before the phrase proper has begun but is part of the phrase rather than independent of it. Generally, careful listening will reveal …

Irregular Phrases: Extensions in the Middle A.    Extensions within a phrase: these can be confusing, unless the ‘regular’ design of the phrase is carefully examined. At any inserted extension, the phrase may be (figuratively speaking) pried apart to …

Irregular Phrases: Extensions at the End of the Phrase Extensions at the End of the Phrase it is sometimes difficult to differentiate between extensions at the end and those within a phrase. It will prove helpful to remember that in most instances the …

Periods Click here for Scott Foglesong's audio lecture on basic period structures. Definition: two phrases, called antecedent and consequent Play antecedent only Play consequent only Play entire phrase (or click on the example) Antecedent: interrogative …

Period Expansions I.Extensions of Phrases Within a Period: Hear Scott Foglesong's lecture on this section . A.Extension at beginning of phrases 1.Typically such an extension will be of an introductory nature. However, one must be careful to distinguish …

Two-Part Song Form I.Simple two-part song form A.Part I 1.From phrase to double period in length 2.Cadence: AC in I, V, or related; HC B.Part II 1.From phrase to double period in length 2.If the two parts aren’t identical in length, part II is usually the …

Three-Part Song Form I.Incipient three-part song form (incipient ternary; rounded binary) A.Smallest three-part song form B.Part I: two phrases, usually as some kind of period C.Part II: single four-measure phrase D.Part III: return, either exact or with …

Expanded Two-Part Song Form Baroque Binary Dances   Clavier Partita No. 2 in C Minor, BWV 826 IV: Sarabande   A            1 – 8 Parallel Period (by contour similarity)   1 – 4     Antecedent: Ends on V 5 – 8     Consequent: Modulates to Relative Major …

Compound Song Form I.        Enlarged Three-Part Form A.      Mendelssohn Song Without Words #23   A  > B  A  B  A 1.      1 - 6   Introduction 2.      7 – 15    A   (Parallel period) 3.      16 – 19   Interlude 4.      20 – 27 B; ends on VII 5.      28 – …

First Rondo I.        Names         3-Part Adagio         Full sectional ternary         Simple ternary         Compound ternary         Slow Movement Large Ternary         First Rondo (Schoenberg & Goetschius)   II.      Usually found in slow movements; …

Second Rondo Simple ABCA: Mozart Sonata in B-flat Major K. 570, III 1 – 22 A: Three-part song form 1 – 8 Part I: parallel period by identity 4+4 9 – 14 Part II: irregular phrase 2+[1+3] (extension at end) 15 – 22 Part III: = 1 – 8 23 – 42 B: Three-part …

Sonata Form: Introduction I. The Czerny-Marx Template The description of sonata form developed by Carl Czerny and A.B. Marx in the 19th century is commonly encountered. The "Czerny-Marx" form can be diagrammed as follows: The Czerny-Marx 'template' …

Sonata Form: The Exposition Outline of the Lecture with Links I. The Character of the Main Theme II. Transition: Techniques of Modulation III. The Character of the Secondary Theme IV. The Character of the Closing Theme I. The Character of the Main …

Sonata Form: The Development I. Uses of development II. Thematic transformation III. The development in general: coverage of a single development IV. The opening of a development V. The cadence on vi VI. Recapitulatory (Expository) developments VII. …

Sonata Form: The Recapitulation I. Recapitulation in elementary texts II. Recapitulation "Shortcuts" III. The "hinge" from development to recapitulation IV. Vague beginnings to a recapitulation V. Secondary development I.        Recapitulation in …

Mozart Sonata K545 Click anywhere in the score to hear a recording. … … Mozart Sonata K545 …

Mozart Sonata K545 Superimposed Click anywhere in the score to hear it performed as notated. … … Mozart Sonata K545 Superimposed …

Stamitz Mannheim Symphony … … Stamitz Mannheim Symphony …